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Herpes gladiatorum is a skin infection primarily caused by the herpes simplex virus. The virus infects the cells in the epidermal layer of the skin. The initial viral replication occurs at the entry site in the skin or mucous membrane. [7] The infections caused by a HSV Type 1 virus may be primary or recurrent. [8]
Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected. The two major types of herpes are oral herpes and genital herpes, though other forms also exist. Oral herpes involves the face or mouth. It may result in small blisters in groups, often called cold sores or fever blisters, or may just cause a sore throat.
When the virus enters a cell, the cellular immune response is to protect the cell. The cell does so by wrapping the viral DNA around histones and condensing it into chromatin, causing the virus to become dormant, or latent. If cells are unsuccessful and the chromatin is loosely bundled, the viral DNA is still accessible.
The trademark indication of HHV-7 infection at the cellular level is the presence of aforementioned syncytia. It is thought that these cells form via polyploidization resulting from a dysregulation of cyclin dependent kinase cdc2 and cyclin B. Giant cells form when the cell cycle is disrupted and accumulate between the G 2 and M phase. [29]
Animal herpes viruses all share some common properties. The structure of herpes viruses consists of a relatively large, double-stranded, linear DNA genome encased within an icosahedral protein cage called the capsid, which is wrapped in a lipid bilayer called the envelope. The envelope is joined to the capsid through a tegument.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), also called human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), is a species of virus in the genus Cytomegalovirus, which in turn is a member of the viral family known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is also commonly called CMV. [3]
Common infections in humans caused by members of this order include cold sores, genital herpes, chickenpox, shingles, and glandular fever. Herpesvirales is the sole order in the class Herviviricetes, which is the sole class in the phylum Peploviricota.
The risk of spread between a couple is about 7.5% over a year. [6] HSV is classified into two types, HSV-1 and HSV-2. [1] While historically HSV-2 was more common, genital HSV-1 has become more common in the developed world. [1] [7] Diagnosis may occur by testing lesions using either PCR or viral culture or blood tests for specific antibodies. [1]
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