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Similarly, 6 is a congruent number because it is the area of a (3,4,5) triangle. 3 and 4 are not congruent numbers. If q is a congruent number then s 2 q is also a congruent number for any natural number s (just by multiplying each side of the triangle by s), and vice versa.
Tunnell's theorem states that supposing n is a congruent number, if n is odd then 2A n = B n and if n is even then 2C n = D n. Conversely, if the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds true for elliptic curves of the form y 2 = x 3 − n 2 x {\displaystyle y^{2}=x^{3}-n^{2}x} , these equalities are sufficient to conclude that n is a ...
For two polyhedra with the same combinatorial type (that is, the same number E of edges, the same number of faces, and the same number of sides on corresponding faces), there exists a set of E measurements that can establish whether or not the polyhedra are congruent. [7] [8] The number is tight, meaning that less than E measurements are not ...
A congruent number is defined as the area of a right triangle with rational sides. Because every congruum can be obtained (using the parameterized solution) as the area of a Pythagorean triangle, it follows that every congruum is congruent. Every congruent number is a congruum multiplied by the square of a rational number. [7]
Clement's congruence-based theorem characterizes the twin primes pairs of the form (, +) through the following conditions: [()! +] ((+)), +P. A. Clement's original 1949 paper [2] provides a proof of this interesting elementary number theoretic criteria for twin primality based on Wilson's theorem.
For a specific example, an ideal random number generator with 32 bits of output is expected (by the Birthday theorem) to begin duplicating earlier outputs after √ m ≈ 2 16 results. Any PRNG whose output is its full, untruncated state will not produce duplicates until its full period elapses, an easily detectable statistical flaw. [ 36 ]
Congruence of squares, in number theory, a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms Matrix congruence , an equivalence relation between two matrices Congruence (manifolds) , in the theory of smooth manifolds, the set of integral curves defined by a nonvanishing vector field defined on the manifold
The kissing number problem can be generalized to the problem of finding the maximum number of non-overlapping congruent copies of any convex body that touch a given copy of the body. There are different versions of the problem depending on whether the copies are only required to be congruent to the original body, translates of the original body ...