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Part 1 (Von den Anfängen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik), in four volumes, covered topics of the period from the founding of Rome to the end of the Republic. Part 2 (Principat, published since 1974) is concerned with the imperial period. Part 3 (Spätantike), on late antiquity, is in planning. A unified index ("Register") will eventually ...
For example, the estates of the Imperial Knights were formally mediatized in 1806, having de facto been seized by the great territorial states in 1803 in the so-called Rittersturm. "Secularization" was the abolition of the temporal power of an ecclesiastical ruler such as a bishop or an abbot and the annexation of the secularized territory to a ...
Inside Hitler's Bunker: The Last Days of the Third Reich (German: Der Untergang: Hitler und das Ende des Dritten Reiches) is a book by historian Joachim Fest about the last days of the life of Adolf Hitler, in his Berlin Führerbunker in 1945. The book was originally published in Germany in 2002. The English translation was released in 2004.
Marble bust of the final Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II, in a style inspired by ancient Roman marble busts. The defining characteristic of the Holy Roman Empire was the idea that the Holy Roman Emperor represented the leading monarch in Europe and that their empire was the one true continuation of the Roman Empire of Antiquity, through proclamation by the popes in Rome.
Following the death of Charles II of Spain, in 1700, without any direct heir, Charles declared himself King of Spain—both were members of the House of Habsburg. [5] The ensuing War of the Spanish Succession, which pitted France's candidate, Philip, Duke of Anjou, Louis XIV of France's grandson, against Austria's Charles, lasted for almost 14 ...
The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as the Military Anarchy [1] or the Imperial Crisis, was a period in Roman history during which the Roman Empire nearly collapsed under the combined pressure of repeated foreign invasions, civil wars and economic disintegration.
Downfall (German: Der Untergang) is a 2004 historical war drama film written and produced by Bernd Eichinger and directed by Oliver Hirschbiegel.It is set during the Battle of Berlin in World War II, when Nazi Germany is on the verge of total defeat, and depicts the final days of Adolf Hitler (portrayed by Bruno Ganz).
Joseph also endeavoured to strengthen his position in the Holy Roman Empire – as a means of strengthening Austria’s standing as a great power. When he sought to lay claim to imperial rights in Italy and gain territories for the Habsburgs, he even risked a military conflict with the Pope over the Duchy of Mantua. [3]