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English: A 3D rendered image using path tracing, rendered by Blender's Cycles renderer. The smoothness of the meshes used for the cows has been increased using subdivision . The scene uses very simple lighting, and uniform background colors, to make it easier to interpret differences in global illumination when comparing to versions of the ...
It's is the one responsible for the transformation of the prepared 3D scene into a 2D image or animation. 3D render engines can be based on different methods, such as ray-tracing, rasterization, path-tracing, also depending on the speed and the outcome expected, it comes in different types – real-time and non real-time, which was described above
Rendering is usually limited by available computing power and memory bandwidth, and so specialized hardware has been developed to speed it up ("accelerate" it), particularly for real-time rendering. Hardware features such as a framebuffer for raster graphics are required to display the output of rendering smoothly in real time.
Path tracing is a computer graphics Monte Carlo method of rendering images of three-dimensional scenes such that the global illumination is faithful to reality. Fundamentally, the algorithm is integrating over all the illuminance arriving to a single point on the surface of an object.
The rendering equation describes the total amount of light emitted from a point x along a particular viewing direction, given a function for incoming light and a BRDF.. In computer graphics, the rendering equation is an integral equation in which the equilibrium radiance leaving a point is given as the sum of emitted plus reflected radiance under a geometrical optics approximation.
The LINKS-1 system was developed to realize an image rendering methodology in which each pixel could be parallel processed independently using ray tracing. By developing a new software methodology specifically for high-speed image rendering, LINKS-1 was able to rapidly render highly realistic images."
The Blender Game Engine was a built-in real-time graphics and logic engine with features such as collision detection, a dynamics engine, and programmable logic. It also allowed the creation of stand-alone, real-time applications ranging from architectural visualization to video games.
The first successful, yet partial implementation of physically-based rendering in a video game can be found in the 2013 title Remember Me, that despite being built on a game engine not natively supporting this technology (Unreal Engine 3) was properly modified to accommodate this feature. [4]