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The internal model theory of motor control argues that the motor system is controlled by the constant interactions of the “plant” and the “controller.” The plant is the body part being controlled, while the internal model itself is considered part of the controller.
Wastegate control and anti-lag; Theft prevention by blocking ignition, in response to input from an immobiliser; In a camless piston engine (an experimental design not currently used in any production vehicles), the ECU has continuous control of when each of the intake and exhaust valves are opened and by how much. [3] [4]
BMW Dinan E39 M5 S62 engine in 2008 team SigalSport Daytona Prototype. Dinan Cars is a company specializing in the design and manufacturing of aftermarket performance parts for BMW automobiles. The company was founded in 1979 by Steve Dinan, and is headquartered in Opelika, Alabama .
BMW is well known for its history of inline-six (straight-six) engines, a layout it continues to use to this day despite most other manufacturers switching to a V6 layout. . The more common inline-four and V8 layouts are also produced by BMW, and at times the company has produced inline-three, V10 and V12 engines, BMW also engineered non-production customised engines especially for motorsports ...
A motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. [1] A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical ...
A power-train control module, abbreviated PCM, is an automotive component, a control unit, used on motor vehicles. It is generally a combined controller consisting of the engine control unit (ECU) and the transmission control unit (TCU). On some cars, such as many Chryslers, there are multiple computers: the PCM, the TCU, and the Body Control ...
An early prototype iDrive (called the Intuitive Interaction Concept) was featured on the BMW Z9 concept in 1999. The production version debuted in September 2001 in the BMW 7 Series (E65) and was built on the VxWorks kernel [4] while the Navigation computer used Microsoft Windows CE for Automotive; [5] this can be seen when the system reboots or restarts after a software crash, displaying a ...
Motronic is the trade name given to a range of digital engine control units developed by Robert Bosch GmbH (commonly known as Bosch) which combined control of fuel injection and ignition in a single unit. By controlling both major systems in a single unit, many aspects of the engine's characteristics (such as power, fuel economy, drivability ...