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Generics, or parameterized types, or parametric polymorphism is a .NET 2.0 feature supported by C# and Visual Basic. Unlike C++ templates, .NET parameterized types are instantiated at runtime rather than by the compiler; hence they can be cross-language whereas C++ templates cannot.
Java. Gilad Bracha, Generics in the Java Programming Language, 2004. Maurice Naftalin and Philip Wadler, Java Generics and Collections, 2006, O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN 0-596-52775-6; Peter Sestoft, Java Precisely, Second Edition, 2005 MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-69325-9; Generic Programming in Java, 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Angelika Langer, Java ...
Java provides java.util.Date, a mutable reference type with millisecond precision, and (since Java 8) the java.time package (including classes such as LocalDate, LocalTime, and LocalDateTime for date-only, time-only, and date-and-time values), a set of immutable reference types with nanosecond precision. [24]
C# 3.0 introduced type inference, allowing the type specifier of a variable declaration to be replaced by the keyword var, if its actual type can be statically determined from the initializer. This reduces repetition, especially for types with multiple generic type-parameters , and adheres more closely to the DRY principle.
The Java collections framework supports generics to specify the type of objects stored in a collection instance. In 1998, Gilad Bracha, Martin Odersky, David Stoutamire and Philip Wadler created Generic Java, an extension to the Java language to support generic types. [4] Generic Java was incorporated in Java with the addition of wildcards.
Java, C#, Visual Basic .NET and Delphi have each introduced "generics" for parametric polymorphism. Some implementations of type polymorphism are superficially similar to parametric polymorphism while also introducing ad hoc aspects. One example is C++ template specialization.
As generics in Java and C# have some similarities to C++'s templates, the role of concepts there is played by interfaces. However, there is one important difference between concepts and interfaces: when a template parameter is required to implement a particular interface, the matching type can only be a class that implements (explicitly) that ...
In VB.NET, the C# variant of "typeof" should be translated into the VB.NET's GetType method. The TypeOf keyword in VB.NET is used to compare an object reference variable to a data type. The following example uses TypeOf...Is expressions to test the type compatibility of two object reference variables with various data types.