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The case arose after Michigan voters approved the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative, which amended the state constitution to make affirmative action illegal in public employment and public education. In a plurality opinion joined by two other justices, Justice Anthony Kennedy held that the ban on affirmative action was constitutional.
Though equality under the law is an American legal tradition arguably dating to the Declaration of Independence, [5] formal equality for many groups remained elusive. Before passage of the Reconstruction Amendments, which included the Equal Protection Clause, American law did not extend constitutional rights to black Americans. [ 6 ]
Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), was a landmark civil rights decision of the U.S. Supreme Court that ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Thus, unless Congress passes a law regarding same-sex marriage that is applicable to tribal governments, federally recognized American Indian tribes have the legal right to form their own marriage laws, and to reject those of the U.S. [204] As such, the individual laws of the various federally recognized Native American tribes can set limits on ...
Equal Opportunities Commission v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry: incompatibility of employment equality regulations: High Court of England and Wales: 2007 Fairchild v. Hughes: right to vote: Supreme Court of the United States: 1922 Fraser v Children's Court, Pretoria North: consent to adoption by unmarried fathers: Constitutional ...
She then reviewed the history of constitutional law as one of "'the story of the extension of constitutional rights and protections to people once ignored or excluded'", quoting the U.S. Supreme Court once more, United States v. Virginia. She reviewed several examples related to marriage, including married women acquiring legal status apart ...
A proposed amendment to New York's constitution to bar discrimination over “gender identity” and “pregnancy outcomes” will appear on the ballot this November, the state's high court ruled ...
The resolution, "Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women", reads, in part: [1] Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ...