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Animated cut through diagram of a typical fuel injector (click to see animation) Delphi E1 UI on the Volvo D13A engine Delphi E1 unit injector parts. The basic operation can be described as a sequence of four separate phases: the filling phase, the spill phase, the injection phase, and the pressure reduction phase.
Flow injection analysis (FIA) was first described by Ruzicka and Hansen in Denmark in 1974 and Stewart and coworkers in United States in 1979. FIA is a popular, simple, rapid, and versatile technique which is a well-established position in modern analytical chemistry, and widespread application in quantitative chemical analysis.
Injection phase Partway through the pump stroke, the solenoid is energized, which closes the spill valve. The fuel is forced into the cylinder through the spray tip. Pressure reduction phase Toward the end of the pump stroke, the spill valve is re-opened, allowing the fuel to recirculate again and ending the injection phase.
The phase diagram shows, in pressure–temperature space, the lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries between the three phases of solid, liquid, and gas. The curves on the phase diagram show the points where the free energy (and other derived properties) becomes non-analytic: their derivatives with respect to the coordinates (temperature and ...
It also principally links into the fuel injection article which has undergone massive additions over the last year bringing it up to a reasonably good standard, which is assisted by this diagram. It is a nice size (especially for an animated diagram) and quality is high. Proposed caption An animated cut away diagram of a typical fuel injector.
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
In a thyristor-controlled injection braking unit, the voltage to be injected into the motor stator winding is obtained by rectifying the supply voltage. Two thyristors are connected as a phase controlled rectifier (PCR). The braking torque depends on the magnitude of the current, which can be varied by phase control of the thyristors.
Diagram of the intracytoplasmic sperm injection of a human egg. Micromanipulator on the left holds egg in position while microinjector on the right delivers a single sperm cell. Pronuclear injection is a technique used to create transgenic organisms by injecting genetic material into the nucleus of a fertilized oocyte. This technique is ...