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Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [1] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [2] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics. For example, heart murmurs may have a distinct pitch, duration and timing.
Bruit, also called vascular murmur, [3] is the abnormal sound generated by turbulent flow of blood in an artery due to either an area of partial obstruction or a localized high rate of blood flow through an unobstructed artery.
Heart murmurs are produced as a result of turbulent flow of blood strong enough to produce audible noise. They are usually heard as a whooshing sound. The term murmur only refers to a sound believed to originate within blood flow through or near the heart; rapid blood velocity is necessary to produce a murmur.
Korotkoff sounds are the sounds that medical personnel listen for when they are taking blood pressure using a non-invasive procedure. They are named after Nikolai Korotkov , a Russian physician who discovered them in 1905, [ 1 ] when he was working at the Imperial Medical Academy in St. Petersburg , the Russian Empire.
Phonocardiograms of common murmurs. A phonocardiogram (or PCG) is a plot of high-fidelity recording of the sounds and murmurs made by the heart with the help of the machine called the phonocardiograph; thus, phonocardiography is the recording of all the sounds made by the heart during a cardiac cycle. [2] [3]
Heart murmurs are abnormal heart sounds which can be either pathological or benign and there are numerous kinds. [10] Murmurs are graded by volume, from 1) the quietest, to 6) the loudest, and evaluated by their relationship to the heart sounds and position in the cardiac cycle. [9] Phonocardiograms can record these sounds. [1]
Many innocent murmurs also arise from this location but S1 and S2 must split normally. Mid-systolic ejection Dilation of aortic root or pulmonary artery Produces an ejection sound, with a short ejection systolic murmur and a relatively wide split S2. There is no hemodynamic abnormality.
However, continuous murmurs can not be directly placed into either category. [1] These murmurs are due to blood flow from a high pressure chamber or vessel to a lower pressure system. Patent ductus arteriosus. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an abnormal connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally should be closed in ...