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The largest number of Nazis in Brazil lived in São Paulo, since the state was the preferred destination of the second wave of German immigration. By the mid-1930s, there were more than one million Germans and their descendants in Brazil, mostly in Rio Grande do Sul (600,000) and Santa Catarina (220,000). [ 8 ]
Vargas' policies toward the Axis and the Allies were ambiguous. At first Brazil seemed to be entering the Axis orbit even before the Estado Novo was established. Between 1933 and 1938, Nazi Germany became a primary market for Brazilian cotton, and the second largest importer of Brazilian coffee and cocoa.
Links were alleged between Nazi Germany and Laureano Gómez's newspaper El Siglo during the 1930s and 1940s, although Colombia has generally had little fascist activity in its history outside of the German community. [20] In the 1980s, the drug dealer Carlos Lehder founded his own neo-Nazi party, the National Latin Movement.
A small Nazi movement was founded among South Australia's ethnic German Australian community by Johannes Becker, a German migrant who arrived in Australia in 1927. [ 54 ] [ 55 ] Becker had joined the NSDAP in 1932 and was appointed State Leader (Landeskreisleiter) for the South Pacific the following year.
This was a problem, since the Integralists were able to attract some membership among Brazilians of German ancestry, thus competing with the Nazi organisation; moreover, until 1937, when Vargas imposed a dictatorship, the Integralists, unlike the Nazi Party, were able to participate in elections, and so there was a natural tendency of informal ...
Pro-Catholic dictatorships included the Estado Novo (1933–1974) and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938). Many of those are/were led by spiritual leaders, such as the Slovak Republic under the Reverend Josef Tiso. Some right-wing dictatorships, like Nazi Germany, were openly hostile to certain religions. [2]
Nazi Germany, [i] officially known as the German Reich [j] and later the Greater German Reich, [k] was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Vargas oriented the state to intervene in the economy, promoting economic nationalism. The movement towards a "New State" was significant, in that along with the dismissal of Congress and its political parties, he wanted to recognize the indigenous population. He gained great favour in their eyes, and was called the "Father of the Poor".