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A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions. Between the generating station and consumer, electric power may flow through several substations at different voltage levels.
The Tres Amigas SuperStation (lit. ' Three Friends SuperStation ') was a project proposed in 2009 to unite North America’s two major power grids (the Eastern Interconnection and the Western Interconnection) and one of its three minor grids (the Texas Interconnection), with the goals of enabling faster adoption of renewable energy and increasing the reliability of the U.S. grid. [1] [2]
Step-down substation: these transformers lower the voltage coming from the transmission lines which can be used in industry or sent to a distribution substation. Distribution substation: these transform the voltage lower again for the distribution to end users. Aside from transformers, other major components or functions of substations include:
Layout of a spot low-voltage network. In electricity distribution networks, spot network substations (network transformers) are used in interconnected distribution networks.
The Texas Interconnection covers most of the state of Texas. Interconnections can be tied to each other via high-voltage direct current power transmission lines ( DC ties ), or with variable-frequency transformers (VFTs), which permit a controlled flow of energy while also functionally isolating the independent AC frequencies of each side.
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In an electric power transmission grid system, switchyard reactors are large inductors installed at substations to help stabilize the power system.. For transmission lines, the space between the overhead line and the ground forms a capacitor parallel to transmission line, which causes an increase in voltage as the distance increases.
Welsh HVDC Converter Station is an HVDC back-to-back station connected between the J. Robert Welsh Power Plant and the Oncor Electric Delivery substation at the Monticello Steam Electric Station in Titus County, northeastern Texas. It went in service in 1995 and it can transfer a maximum power of 600 megawatts.