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Crustose lichen forms a thin crust adhering closely to the substratum. In some cases, this crust may be thick and lumpy, and may be detached, in part, or submerged below its surface. The thallus of a crustose lichen is usually only discernible because of the discolouration of the substrate. Some crustose lichens have thalli consisting of ...
A leprose lichen, which is typically considered to be a form of crustose lichen, is one with a powdery or dust-like appearance. Its undifferentiated thallus is an irregular mix of fungal hyphae and scattered photobiont cells, lacking a cortex or any definable layers. [6] [47] Morphologically, it is the simplest growth form. [48]
Pyrenula cruentata is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. The lichen, characterized by its crimson-colored thallus and perithecial warts, [2] has a neotropical distribution. [3] The lichen was first formally described in 1885 by Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis as Bottaria cruentata. [4]
Arthonia radiata is a crustose lichen with an immersed thallus, often separated from its surroundings by a thin brown line. The thallus is typically pale, ranging from white to pale grey, sometimes with a brown or olive tinge, and often forms a mosaic-like pattern on its substrate .
Lepraria is a genus of leprose (powdery) crustose lichens that grows on its substrate like patches of granular, caked up, mealy dust grains. [2] [3] Members of the genus are commonly called dust lichens. [3]: 305 [4] [5] The main vegetative body is made of patches of soredia (little balls of algae wrapped in fungus). [3]
Porpidia macrocarpa is a crustose lichen with a variable thallus, typically appearing immersed (embedded in the substrate) to thin and continuous, but it can sometimes be thicker and become cracked (rimose) or divided into small sections (areolate).
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The nitrogen-enriched areas beneath bird nests have a more diverse lichen community, which, in addition to B. frigida, includes species from the genera Caloplaca, Umbilicaria, and Xanthoria. [13] Phaeosporobolus usneae is a lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungus that parasitises the thalli of B. frigida in Bunger Hills (Wilkes Land). [9]