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Vacuum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure is a type of distillation performed under reduced pressure, which allows the purification of compounds not readily distilled at ambient pressures or simply to save time or energy. This technique separates compounds based on differences in their boiling points.
A Kugelrohr (German for "ball tube") is a short-path vacuum distillation apparatus [1]: 150 typically used to distill relatively small amounts of compounds with high boiling points (usually greater than 300 °C) under greatly reduced pressure.
Short-path distillation is a distillation technique that involves the distillate traveling a short distance, often only a few centimeters, and is normally done at reduced pressure. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Short-path distillation systems often have a variety of names depending on the manufacturer of the system and what compounds are being distilled within them.
Atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oils are the main primary separation processes producing various straight run products, e.g., gasoline to lube oils/vacuum gas oils. Distillation of crude oil is typically performed first [1] under atmospheric pressure and then under a vacuum. Low boiling fractions usually vaporize below 400°C at ...
Molecular distillation is a type of short-path vacuum distillation, characterized by an extremely low vacuum pressure, 0.01 torr or below, which is performed using a molecular still. [1] It is a process of separation, purification and concentration of natural products, complex and thermally sensitive molecules for example vitamins and ...
A slide is a single page of a presentation. A group of slides is called a slide deck. A slide show is an exposition of a series of slides or images in an electronic device or on a projection screen. Before personal computers, they were 35 mm slides viewed with a slide projector [1] or transparencies viewed with an overhead projector.
Many important engineered systems involve heat transfer. Some examples are the heating and cooling of process streams, phase changes, distillation, etc. The basic principle is the Fourier's law which is expressed as follows for a static system: ″ =
A simulation is the representation of the real world process or system over a period of time. Simulation can be done by hand or on a computer, simulation involves the generation of artificial history of the system and the observation of artificial history to draw inferences concerning of the operating characteristic of the real system.
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