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The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.
This is a list of operators in the C and C++ programming languages.. All listed operators are in C++ and lacking indication otherwise, in C as well. Some tables include a "In C" column that indicates whether an operator is also in C. Note that C does not support operator overloading.
Assignment operator; Assignment operator (C++) ... Null coalescing operator; O. Operand; Operator associativity; Operator overloading; Operators in C and C++; Order ...
Btw., who defined Elvis operator vs. null coalescing operator in the first place? The "new" usage (writing Elvis, meaning null coalescing), seems much more sane to me than the "classic" definition. The classic definition basically says: Return "true" or any arbitrary value if false. What's the point of always returning "true" in the first case?
Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++; ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages; Compatibility of C and C++; Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi; Comparison of Object Pascal and C; Comparison of Pascal and C; Comparison of Java and C++; Comparison of C# and Java; Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET; Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic ...
1960, IFIP WG 2.1, ISO [8] ALGOL 68: Application Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Concurrent Yes 1968, IFIP WG 2.1, GOST 27974-88, [9] Ateji PX: Parallel application No Yes No No No No pi calculus: No APL: Application, data processing: Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Array-oriented, tacit: Yes 1989, ISO Assembly language: General Yes No No No No No
C++ enforces stricter typing rules (no implicit violations of the static type system [1]), and initialization requirements (compile-time enforcement that in-scope variables do not have initialization subverted) [7] than C, and so some valid C code is invalid in C++. A rationale for these is provided in Annex C.1 of the ISO C++ standard. [8]