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In humans, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections most commonly present in a mild cutaneous form known as erysipeloid [1] or fish poisoning. [2] E. rhusiopathiae can cause an indolent cellulitis, more commonly in individuals who handle fish and raw meat. [3] Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae also causes Swine Erysipelas. It is common in domestic ...
Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens.
Streptococcus iniae is a species of Gram-positive, sphere-shaped bacterium belonging to the genus Streptococcus.Since its isolation from an Amazon freshwater dolphin in the 1970s, S. iniae has emerged as a leading fish pathogen in aquaculture operations worldwide, resulting in over US$100M in annual losses.
Alternatively, a fish can become infected by eating an infected oligochaete. Infected tubificids can release triactinomyxons for at least a year. The triactinomyxon spores are carried by the water currents, where they can infect a salmonid through the skin. Penetration of the fish by these spores takes only a few seconds.
Dermocystidium erschowii Garkavi, Denisov & Afanas'ev 1980— a skin parasite of carp; Dermocystidium fennicum Pekkarinen et al. 2003— a skin parasite of perch [9] Dermocystidium gasterostei Elkan 1962 [7] — a parasite of sticklebacks [10] Dermocystidium granulosum Sterba & Naumann 1970 [7] Dermocystidium guyenotii Thélin 1955 [7]
Edwardsiella tarda is a member of the family Hafniaceae. [1] [2] The bacterium is a facultatively anaerobic, small, motile, gram negative, straight rod with flagella.[1] [2] Infection causes Edwardsiella septicemia (also known as ES, edwardsiellosis, emphysematous putrefactive disease of catfish, fish gangrene, and red disease) in channel catfish, eels, and flounder.
acute skin burning (on direct contact with water); or; three or more of an additional set of conditions (headaches, skin rash, eye irritation, upper respiratory irritation, muscle cramps, and gastrointestinal complaints (i.e., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and/or abdominal cramps).
For example, pufferfish do produce this toxin, some pufferfish, such as Takifugu V., produce tetrodotoxin in their skin glands. [25] Another organism that releases the tetrodotoxin from their skin are blue-ringed octopuses (Hapalochlaena fasciata). The Natica lineata snails produce the tetrodotoxin and store it in the muscle.