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Contextualism, also known as epistemic contextualism, is a family of views in philosophy which emphasize the context in which an action, utterance, or expression occurs. Proponents of contextualism argue that, in some important respect, the action, utterance, or expression can only be understood relative to that context. [ 1 ]
World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence, by Stephen C. Pepper (1942), presents four relatively adequate world hypotheses (or world views or conceptual systems) in terms of their root metaphors: formism (similarity), mechanism (machine), contextualism (historical act), and organicism (living system).
Functional contextualism is a modern philosophy of science [1] rooted in philosophical pragmatism and contextualism. It is most actively developed in behavioral science in general and the field of behavior analysis and contextual behavioral science in particular (see the entry for the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science ).
The association's website contains resources such as therapist tools, workshops, metaphors, protocols, and assessment materials, [20] and provides information on recent books on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Relational Frame Theory (RFT), and Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS). [21]
The model of communication as constitutive of organizations has origins in the linguistic approach to organizational communication taken in the 1980s. [4] Theorists such as Karl E. Weick [5] were among the first to posit that organizations were not static but inherently comprised by a dynamic process of communicating.
Stine was an advocate of contextualism, the view that our standards for knowledge vary by situation. [5] Stine also advocates the view that for a subject to know that p, she must rule out all relevant alternatives to p, a position also held by Alvin Goldman and Fred Dretske. [6]
Beginning late on January 1, Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin was hospitalized and in an intensive care unit, yet no one in the military chain of command seemed to know about it until January 5.
Complexity theory also relates to knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL). "Complex systems are, by any other definition, learning organizations." [18] Complexity Theory, KM, and OL are all complementary and co-dependent. [18] “KM and OL each lack a theory of how cognition happens in human social systems – complexity ...