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FHA can have long and short term consequences in a patient's reproductive development and fertility. Anovulation and amenorrhea is the characteristic feature of FHA. [3] If hypoestrogenism and impaired HPO axis occurs during puberty, primary amenorrhea occurs. [4]
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
The Collaborative Perinatal Project (abbreviated CPP), also known as the National Collaborative Perinatal Project (or NCPP), was a multisite prospective cohort study designed to identify the effects of complications during either pregnancy or the perinatal period on birth and child outcomes, especially neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy. [1]
Researchers conducted a study by developing a questionnaire for pregnant women that included age, sex, race, health insurance status, financial status, any pregnancy risks, medical conditions, treatments, doctor's appointments, how many appointments were canceled due to COVID-19, and stress levels on a scale of mild, moderate, and severe.
This is due to the human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) produced by placenta at approximately 12 to 20 weeks gestation (pregnancy) which is normally unaffected by having KS or CHH. [21] People with KS/HH lack the surge of GnRH, LH, and FSH that normally occurs between birth and six months of age, referred to as mini-puberty. This surge is ...
Childbirth can occur during natural sleep, [26] and under excessively heavy sedation, including alcohol intoxication. [27] A diverse list of medical disorders have led to delivery during coma, including head injury, antepartum bleeding, severe hypotension and hypothermia. [28] Of these the commonest is eclampsia. [29]
Early puberty also puts girls at a higher risk for teasing or bullying, mental health disorders and short stature as adults. [ 19 ] [ 39 ] [ 56 ] Girls as young as 8 are increasingly starting to menstruate , develop breasts and grow pubic and underarm hair; these "biological milestones" typically occurred only at 13 or older in the past.
XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.