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A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, [3] the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration.
An ecchymosis is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10 mm. [2] They may occur among and or within many areas such as skin and other organs , connective tissues , bone , joints and muscle . A collection of blood (or even a hemorrhage ) may be aggravated by anticoagulant medication (blood thinner).
In this latter sense, such an injury is known as dead leg. [ citation needed ] Dead legs and charley horses are two different types of injuries: A charley horse involves the muscles contracting without warning, and can last from a few seconds to a couple days.
This is a shortened version of the seventeenth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Digestive System. It covers ICD codes 800 to 999. The full chapter can be found on pages 473 to 546 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
[12] [26] Muscle necrosis can happen fast, sometimes within just 3 hours after an injury. [13] A fasciotomy in the leg's lateral compartment might cause symptoms affecting nearby nerves and muscles. [10] These may include foot drop, numbness along leg, numbness of big toe, pain, and loss of foot eversion. [10]
CT shows muscle oedema with preserved tissue planes (non-contrast enhancing). MRI is the exam of choice and shows increased signal on T2 weighted images within areas of muscle oedema. Contrast enhancement is helpful but must be weighed against the risk of Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis as many diabetics have underlying chronic kidney disease .
The Thomas test is used to detect excessive tightness of the iliotibial band. In this test the patient holds the unaffected leg to their chest while the examiner straightens and lowers the other leg to a horizonal position, inability to fully straighten and lower the leg indicates excessive band tightness. [13] [14] [15]
Psoas abscess is a collection of pus in the iliopsoas muscle compartment. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be classified into primary psoas abscess (caused by hematogenous or lymphatic spread of a pathogen ) and secondary psoas abscess (resulting from contiguous spread from an adjacent infectious focus).