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A verbal fluency test is a kind of psychological test in which a participant is asked to produce as many words as possible from a category in a given time (usually 60 seconds). This category can be semantic , including objects such as animals or fruits, or phonemic , including words beginning with a specified letter, such as p , for example. [ 1 ]
Gerunds do not normally take determiners except for possessives (as described below). Both deverbal nouns and gerunds can be preceded by possessive determiners to indicate the agent (logical subject) of the action: my taking a bath (see also above under gerund and at fused participle for the possible replacement of my with me); my taking of a ...
(gerund phrase as subject) Do you fancy swimming in the pool? (gerund phrase as direct object) After swimming in the pool, he ate his lunch. (gerund phrase as the complement of a preposition) Using gerunds of the appropriate auxiliary verbs, one can form gerund clauses that express perfect aspect and passive voice:
Trying to succeed makes success more likely. Here trying is a gerund; the verb phrase trying to succeed serves as a noun, the subject of the main verb makes. He hurt his knee trying to get over the fence. Here trying is a present participle; the verb phrase trying to get over the fence has the function of an adverb in the main clause.
A gerund is a verb form that appears in positions that are usually reserved for nouns. In English, a gerund has the same form as a progressive active participle and so ends in -ing. Gerunds typically appear as subject or object noun phrases or even as the object of a preposition:
a. Jim has to do it. - has to is a modal auxiliary verb. b. Jim refuses to do it. - refuses is a subject control verb. a. Jill would lie and cheat. - would is a modal auxiliary. b. Jill attempted to lie and cheat. - attempted is a subject control verb. The a-sentences contain auxiliary verbs that do not select the subject argument.
These do not inflect for person or number, [20] do not occur alone, and do not have infinitive or participle forms (except synonyms, as with be/being/been able (to) for the modals can/could). The modals are used with the basic infinitive form of a verb (I can swim, he may be killed, we dare not move, need they go?
The other inflected parts of the verb – the third person singular present indicative in -[e]s, and the present participle and gerund form in -ing – are formed regularly in most cases. There are a few exceptions: the verb be has irregular forms throughout the present tense; the verbs have , do , and say have irregular -[e]s forms; and ...