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Joseph Dixon (1799–1869) was an inventor, entrepreneur and the founder of what became the Dixon Ticonderoga Company, a well-known manufacturer of pencils in the United States. His fascination with new technologies led to many innovations such as a mirror for a camera that was the forerunner of the viewfinder , a patented double-crank steam ...
Pencil drawings were not known before the 17th century, [1] with the modern concept of pencil drawings taking shape in the 18th and 19th centuries. [1] Pencil drawings succeeded the older metalpoint drawing stylus, which used metal instead of graphite. [1] Modern artists continue to use the graphite pencil for artworks and sketches. [1]
The company was founded in 1790 by Joseph Hardtmuth (1758–1816) of Austria. In 1802, the company patented the first pencil lead made from a combination of kaolin and graphite . In 1848, Joseph's sons, Karl and Ludwig, took over the family business, and the production was relocated to the Bohemian city of Budweis ( České Budějovice , within ...
In 1792, Hardtmuth established a pencil factory in Vienna after he succeeded in creating an artificial graphite pencil by mixing powdered graphite with clay. Until that time, whole pieces, cut from graphite, were glued in between wood and were imported from England. With the new method, graphite of inferior quality could be used in pencil ...
Two graphite pencils. Both are labelled "HB", but the numeric label differs between "2" and "2 1 ⁄ 2 ". A grading chart ranging from 9B to 9H. Graphite pencils are made of a mixture of clay and graphite and their darkness varies from black to light grey. A higher amount of clay added to the pencil makes it harder, leaving lighter marks.
Those original goods include the "Nº 1", a soft graphite putty that allows users to shape the drawing tool according to their specific needs; [6] the "Notebook", a rigid case similar to the homonymous electronic device, but containing a graphite art set inside. [7] The company also makes personalized pencils for companies, museums and retail ...
Conté crayons Page from a sketchbook using black Conté. Conté (/ ˈ k ɒ n t eɪ, ˈ k ɒ n t i /; [1] French pronunciation:), also known as Conté sticks or Conté crayons, are a drawing medium composed of compressed powdered graphite or charcoal mixed with a clay base, square in cross-section.
Sketches can be made in any drawing medium. The term is most often applied to graphic work executed in a dry medium such as silverpoint, graphite, pencil, charcoal or pastel. It may also apply to drawings executed in pen and ink, digital input such as a digital pen, ballpoint pen, marker pen, water colour and oil paint.