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Both vector addition and scalar multiplication are trivial. A basis for this vector space is the empty set, so that {0} is the 0-dimensional vector space over F. Every vector space over F contains a subspace isomorphic to this one. The zero vector space is conceptually different from the null space of a linear operator L, which is the kernel of L.
The simplest example of a vector space over a field F is the field F itself with its addition viewed as vector addition and its multiplication viewed as scalar multiplication. More generally, all n -tuples (sequences of length n ) ( a 1 , a 2 , … , a n ) {\displaystyle (a_{1},a_{2},\dots ,a_{n})} of elements a i of F form a vector space that ...
A scalar in physics and other areas of science is also a scalar in mathematics, as an element of a mathematical field used to define a vector space.For example, the magnitude (or length) of an electric field vector is calculated as the square root of its absolute square (the inner product of the electric field with itself); so, the inner product's result is an element of the mathematical field ...
A probability distribution over a vector space is in isotropic position if its covariance matrix is the identity. Isotropic vector field The vector field generated by a point source is said to be isotropic if, for any spherical neighborhood centered at the point source, the magnitude of the vector determined by any point on the sphere is ...
Free objects are the direct generalization to categories of the notion of basis in a vector space. A linear function u : E 1 → E 2 between vector spaces is entirely determined by its values on a basis of the vector space E 1. The following definition translates this to any category.
In the natural sciences, a vector quantity (also known as a vector physical quantity, physical vector, or simply vector) is a vector-valued physical quantity. [9] [10] It is typically formulated as the product of a unit of measurement and a vector numerical value (), often a Euclidean vector with magnitude and direction.
The main example is the case that the real vector space V is a hermitian vector space (V, h), i.e., V is equipped with a complex structure J that is an orthogonal transformation with respect to the inner product g on V.
This is a list of vector spaces in abstract mathematics, by Wikipedia page. Banach space; Besov space; Bochner space; Dual space; Euclidean space; Fock space; Fréchet space; Hardy space; Hilbert space; Hölder space; LF-space; L p space; Minkowski space; Montel space; Morrey–Campanato space; Orlicz space; Riesz space; Schwartz space; Sobolev ...