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For example, the complex numbers C form a two-dimensional vector space over the real numbers R. Likewise, the real numbers R form a vector space over the rational numbers Q which has (uncountably) infinite dimension, if a Hamel basis exists. [b] If V is a vector space over F it may also be regarded as vector space over K. The dimensions are ...
When the scalar field is the real numbers, the vector space is called a real vector space, and when the scalar field is the complex numbers, the vector space is called a complex vector space. [4] These two cases are the most common ones, but vector spaces with scalars in an arbitrary field F are also commonly considered.
This is a list of vector spaces in abstract mathematics, by Wikipedia page. Banach space; Besov space; Bochner space; Dual space; Euclidean space; Fock space; Fréchet space; Hardy space; Hilbert space; Hölder space; LF-space; L p space; Minkowski space; Montel space; Morrey–Campanato space; Orlicz space; Riesz space; Schwartz space; Sobolev ...
One of the most familiar examples of a Hilbert space is the Euclidean vector space consisting of three-dimensional vectors, denoted by R 3, and equipped with the dot product. The dot product takes two vectors x and y, and produces a real number x ⋅ y.
A vector space can be of finite dimension or infinite dimension depending on the maximum number of linearly independent vectors. The definition of linear dependence and the ability to determine whether a subset of vectors in a vector space is linearly dependent are central to determining the dimension of a vector space.
In modern mathematics, the presentation through vector spaces is generally preferred, since it is more synthetic, more general (not limited to the finite-dimensional case), and conceptually simpler, although more abstract. A vector space over a field F (often the field of the real numbers) is a set V equipped with two binary operations.
If V is a vector space over a field K, a subset W of V is a linear subspace of V if it is a vector space over K for the operations of V.Equivalently, a linear subspace of V is a nonempty subset W such that, whenever w 1, w 2 are elements of W and α, β are elements of K, it follows that αw 1 + βw 2 is in W.
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