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The limiting magnitude for naked eye visibility refers to the faintest stars that can be seen with the unaided eye near the zenith on clear moonless nights. The quantity is most often used as an overall indicator of sky brightness, in that light polluted and humid areas generally have brighter limiting magnitudes than remote desert or high altitude areas.
through a telescope, the brightest Messier objects are pale ghosts of their true selves; when it is full moon in a dark location the sky appears like this, but with the difference that the sky appears blue; limiting magnitude with 12.5" reflector is 14; 8 City sky 4.1–4.5 <18.00 the sky is light gray or orange – one can easily read
Columns 2-5 determine the range of targets that can be observed and the range of science which can be done. Higher limiting magnitude means that the array can observe fainter sources. The limiting magnitude is determined by the atmospheric seeing, the diameters of the telescopes and the light lost in the system. A larger range of baselines ...
Faintest objects observable with the Pan-STARRS 1.8-meter telescope using a 60-second exposure [73] This is currently the limiting magnitude of automated allsky astronomical surveys. +25.0: moon Fenrir: seen from Earth (small ≈4 km satellite of Saturn) [74] +25.3: Trans-Neptunian object 2018 AG 37: seen from Earth
Using distance moduli makes computing magnitudes easy. As for instance, a solar type star (M= 5) in the Andromeda Galaxy (DM= 24.4) would have an apparent magnitude (m) of 5 + 24.4 = 29.4, so it would be barely visible for the Hubble Space Telescope which has a limiting magnitude of about 30. [5]
Photographic magnitude (m ph or m p) is a measure of the relative brightness of a star or other astronomical object as imaged on a photographic film emulsion with a camera attached to a telescope. An object's apparent photographic magnitude depends on its intrinsic luminosity , its distance and any extinction of light by interstellar matter ...
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The Guide Star Catalog (GSC), also known as the Hubble Space Telescope, Guide Catalog (HSTGC), is a star catalog compiled to support the Hubble Space Telescope with targeting off-axis stars. GSC-I contained approximately 20,000,000 stars with apparent magnitudes of 6 to 15. GSC-II contains 945,592,683 stars out to magnitude 21.