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Pressure cooking – cooking in a sealed vessel that does not permit air or liquids to escape below a preset pressure, which allows the liquid in the pot to rise to a higher temperature before boiling. Simmering – foods are cooked in hot liquids kept at or just below the boiling point of water, [3] but higher than poaching temperature.
Before cooking institutions, professional cooks were mentors for individual students who apprenticed under them. [13] In 1879, the first cooking school was founded in the United States: the Boston Cooking School. This school standardized cooking practices and recipes, and laid the groundwork for the culinary arts schools that would follow. [14]
Molecular gastronomy includes the study of how different cooking temperatures affect eggs, [1] [2] their viscosity, surface tension, and different ways of introducing air into them. [3] Spherification of juices and other liquids is a technique of molecular gastronomy. A molecular gastronomy rendition of eggs Benedict served by wd~50 in New York ...
Multiple choice questions lend themselves to the development of objective assessment items, but without author training, questions can be subjective in nature. Because this style of test does not require a teacher to interpret answers, test-takers are graded purely on their selections, creating a lower likelihood of teacher bias in the results. [8]
Depending on its nature and intended effect, a glaze may be applied before or after cooking. It may be either sweet or savory (in pâtisserie, the former is known as glaçage); typical glazes include brushed egg whites, some types of icing, and jam (as in nappage), and may or may not include butter, sugar, milk, [1] oil, [2] and fruit or fruit ...
Induction cooking surfaces work well with any pans with a high ferrous metal content at the base. Cast iron pans and any black metal or iron pans are compatible. Stainless steel pans are compatible if the base of the pan is a magnetic grade of stainless steel. If a magnet sticks well to the bottom of the pan, it is compatible.
Food processing takes many forms, from grinding grain into raw flour, home cooking, and complex industrial methods used in the making of convenience foods. Some food processing methods play important roles in reducing food waste and improving food preservation , thus reducing the total environmental impact of agriculture and improving food ...
Chapter 3: Read this Chapter, and you will find how expensive a French Cook's Sauce is. Chapter 4: To make a Number of pretty little Dishes fit for a Supper, or Side-Dish, and little Corner-Dishes for a Great Table; and the rest you have in the Chapter for Lent. Chapter 5: Of Dressing Fish. Chapter 6: Of Soops and Broths. Chapter 7: Of Puddings.