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The heat distortion temperature is determined by the following test procedure outlined in ASTM D648. The test specimen is loaded in three-point bending in the edgewise direction. The outer fiber stress used for testing is either 0.455 MPa or 1.82 MPa, and the temperature is increased at 2 °C/min until the specimen deflects 0.25 mm.
HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
The less the polymer chains are branched, and the lower the molecular weight, the higher the crystallinity of polyethylene. Crystallinity ranges from 35% (PE-LD/PE-LLD) to 80% (PE-HD). Polyethylene has a density of 1.0 g/cm 3 in crystalline regions and 0.86 g/cm 3 in amorphous regions. An almost linear relationship exists between density and ...
HDPE pipe is a type of flexible plastic pipe used to transfer fluids and gases.It is often employed for replacing aging concrete or steel main pipelines.Constructed from the thermoplastic HDPE (high-density polyethylene), it has low permeability and robust molecular bonding, making it suitable for high-pressure pipelines.
1.5 psi Pressure increase per meter of a water column [26] 10 kPa 1.5 psi Decrease in air pressure when going from Earth sea level to 1000 m elevation [citation needed] +13 kPa +1.9 psi High air pressure for human lung, measured for trumpet player making staccato high notes [48] < +16 kPa +2.3 psi
The Properties of Polyethylene Crystallized Under the Orientation and Pressure Effects of a Pressure Capillary Viscometer, Journal of Applied Polymer Science vol. 14, pp. 2305–2317 (1970). Kanamoto, On Ultra-High Tensile by Drawing Single Crystal Mats of High Molecular Weight Polyethylene, Polymer Journal vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 327–329 (1983).
Ambient Temperature: A change in ambient temperature to less than 50 °F (10 °C) or greater than 125 °F (52 °C) (XXVI–4412(b)). (10) Interfacial Pressure: A change in interfacial pressure to a value beyond the range tested (XXVI–2321). (11) Decrease in Melt Bead Width: A decrease in melt bead size from that qualified. (12)
It is highly flexible, with a very wide operating temperature range of -55 to 220 °C, making it suitable for protecting sensitive devices against heat. [7] MYLAR, material is highly resistant to abrasion, offers exceptional tensile strength, and can shrink at a ratio of approximately 1.5:1. [11]