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A low code-rate close to zero implies a strong code that uses many redundant bits to achieve a good performance, while a large code-rate close to 1 implies a weak code. The redundant bits that protect the information have to be transferred using the same communication resources that they are trying to protect.
Python's name is derived from the British comedy group Monty Python, whom Python creator Guido van Rossum enjoyed while developing the language. Monty Python references appear frequently in Python code and culture; [190] for example, the metasyntactic variables often used in Python literature are spam and eggs instead of the traditional foo and ...
Pages in category "Articles with example Python (programming language) code" The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 201 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. (previous page)
In this example, x 1 =2 and the tentative assignment x 2 =1 is considered. Forward checking only checks whether each of the unassigned variables x 3 and x 4 is consistent with the partial assignment, removing the value 2 from their domains. The simpler technique for evaluating the effect of a specific assignment to a variable is called forward ...
The forward–backward algorithm runs with time complexity () in space (), where is the length of the time sequence and is the number of symbols in the state alphabet. [1] The algorithm can also run in constant space with time complexity O ( S 2 T 2 ) {\displaystyle O(S^{2}T^{2})} by recomputing values at each step. [ 2 ]
Compute forward probabilities Compute backward probabilities β {\displaystyle \beta } Compute smoothed probabilities based on other information (i.e. noise variance for AWGN , bit crossover probability for binary symmetric channel )
The general algorithm involves message passing and is substantially similar to the belief propagation algorithm (which is the generalization of the forward-backward algorithm). With an algorithm called iterative Viterbi decoding, one can find the subsequence of an observation that matches best (on average) to a given hidden Markov model.
If she sent her phone number in pieces, asking Bob to acknowledge receipt of each piece, at least four messages would have to be sent anyway (two from Alice, and two acknowledgments from Bob). So the erasure code in this example, which requires five messages, is quite economical. This example is a little bit contrived.