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Crystal structure of table salt (sodium in purple, chlorine in green) In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. [1] Ordered structures occur from intrinsic nature of constituent particles to form symmetric patterns that repeat along the principal ...
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics.
Category. v. t. e. Illustration of Bose-Einstein condensation: as the temperature of the ensemble of bosons is reduced, the overlap between the particles' wavefunctions increases as the thermal de Broglie wavelength increases. At one point, when the overlap becomes significant, a macroscopic number of particles condense into the ground state.
Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties. [ 1 ] The word crystallography is derived from the Ancient Greek word κρύσταλλος (krústallos; "clear ice, rock-crystal"), and γράφειν (gráphein; "to write"). [ 2 ] In July 2012, the United Nations recognised ...
A crystal is a solid where the atoms form a periodic arrangement. (Quasicrystalsare an exception, see below). Not all solids are crystals. For example, when liquid water starts freezing, the phase change begins with small ice crystals that grow until they fuse, forming a polycrystallinestructure.
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and Fermionic ...
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state, without passing through the liquid state. [ 1 ] The verb form of sublimation is sublime, or less preferably, sublimate. [ 2 ]Sublimate also refers to the product obtained by sublimation. [ 2 ][ 3 ] The point at which sublimation occurs rapidly (for further ...
t. e. In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states at thermodynamic equilibrium. The aggregation of particles in the same state, which is a characteristic of particles ...