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The international pictogram for oxidizing chemicals. Dangerous goods label for oxidizing agents. An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a reducing agent (called the reductant, reducer, or electron donor).
Reduction is a process in which a substance gains electrons. The processes of oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously and cannot occur independently. [5] In redox processes, the reductant transfers electrons to the oxidant. Thus, in the reaction, the reductant or reducing agent loses electrons and is oxidized, and the oxidant or oxidizing ...
The following table provides the reduction potentials of the indicated reducing agent at 25 °C. For example, among sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), cuprous (Cu +) and chloride (Cl −), it is Na that is the strongest reducing agent while Cl − is the weakest; said differently, Na + is the weakest oxidizing agent in this list while Cl is the strongest.
P680 + is the strongest biological oxidizing agent known, with an estimated redox potential of ~1.3 V. [3] This makes it possible to oxidize water during oxygenic photosynthesis. P680 + recovers its lost electron by oxidizing water via the oxygen-evolving complex , which regenerates P680.
It is a strong oxidizing agent and its most important application is in safety matches. [6] In other applications it is mostly obsolete and has been replaced by safer alternatives in recent decades. It has been used in fireworks, propellants and explosives, to prepare oxygen, both in the lab and in chemical oxygen generators,
Reactivity series. In chemistry, a reactivity series (or reactivity series of elements) is an empirical, calculated, and structurally analytical progression [1] of a series of metals, arranged by their "reactivity" from highest to lowest. [2][3][4] It is used to summarize information about the reactions of metals with acids and water, single ...
A permanganate (/ pərˈmæŋɡəneɪt, pɜːr -/) [1] is a chemical compound with the manganate (VII) ion, MnO−. 4, the conjugate base of permanganic acid. Because the manganese atom has a +7 oxidation state, the permanganate (VII) ion is a strong oxidising agent. The ion is a transition metal ion with a tetrahedral structure. [2]
In a Latimer diagram, because by convention redox reactions are shown in the direction of reduction (gain of electrons), the most highly oxidized form of the element is on the left side, with successively lower oxidation states to the right side. The species are connected by arrows, and the numerical value of the standard potential (in volts ...