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  2. Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation...

    A more complex example of a P&ID. A piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is defined as follows: A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes.

  3. Process engineering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_engineering

    Process engineering is the understanding and application of the fundamental principles and laws of nature that allow humans to transform raw material and energy into products that are useful to society, at an industrial level. [1] By taking advantage of the driving forces of nature such as pressure, temperature and concentration gradients, as ...

  4. Fluid dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics

    e. In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids — liquids and gases. It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of liquids in motion).

  5. Technical drawing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_drawing

    v. t. e. Drafter at work. Copying technical drawings in 1973. Technical drawing, drafting or drawing, is the act and discipline of composing drawings that visually communicate how something functions or is constructed. Technical drawing is essential for communicating ideas in industry and engineering. To make the drawings easier to understand ...

  6. Simple machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_machine

    A simple machine is a mechanical device that changes the direction or magnitude of a force. [1] In general, they can be defined as the simplest mechanisms that use mechanical advantage (also called leverage) to multiply force. [2] Usually the term refers to the six classical simple machines that were defined by Renaissance scientists: [3][4][5 ...

  7. Mechanism (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism_(engineering)

    In engineering, a mechanism is a device that transforms input forces and movement into a desired set of output forces and movement. Mechanisms generally consist of moving components which may include Gears and gear trains; Belts and chain drives; cams and followers; Linkages; Friction devices, such as brakes or clutches; Structural components ...

  8. Friction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction

    Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. [2][3] Types of friction include dry, fluid, lubricated, skin, and internal -- an incomplete list. The study of the processes involved is called tribology, and has a history of more than 2000 years.

  9. Free body diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_body_diagram

    In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) [ 1 ] is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions on a free body in a given condition. It depicts a body or connected bodies with all the applied forces and moments, and reactions, which act on the body (ies).