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The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological conditions and internal ...
Evidence of the use of the blown plate glass method dates back to 1620 in London and was used for mirrors and coach plates. Louis Lucas de Nehou and A. Thevart perfected the process of casting polished plate glass in 1688 in France. Prior to this invention, mirror plates, made from blown "sheet" glass, had been limited in size.
Plate glass. Plate glass is often used in windows. Plate glass, flat glass or sheet glass is a type of glass, initially produced in plane form, commonly used for windows, glass doors, transparent walls, and windscreens. For modern architectural and automotive applications, the flat glass is sometimes bent after production of the plane sheet.
Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
A glass building facade. Glass is an amorphous ( non-crystalline) solid. Because it is often transparent and chemically inert, glass has found widespread practical, technological, and decorative use in window panes, tableware, and optics. Some common objects made of glass like "a glass" of water, "glasses", and "magnifying glass", are named ...
Float glass is a sheet of glass made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal of a low melting point, typically tin, [1] although lead was used for the process in the past. [2] This method gives the sheet uniform thickness and a very flat surface. [3] The float glass process is also known as the Pilkington process, named after the ...
In physics (particularly fluid statics ), the meniscus ( pl.: menisci, from Greek 'crescent') is the curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container or another object, produced by surface tension . A concave meniscus occurs when the attraction between the particles of the liquid and the container ( adhesion) is more ...
Toughened (or tempered) glass is made from standard Float Glass to create an impact resistant, safety glass. Broken float glass yields sharp, hazardous shards. The toughening process introduces tensions between internal and external surfaces to increase its strength and ensure in the case of breakages the glass shatters into small, harmless ...