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Viral vector. A 2021 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention poster on the COVID-19 viral vector vaccines. Viral vectors are modified viruses designed to deliver genetic material into cells. This process can be performed inside an organism or in cell culture.
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material ( DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. [1] As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized ...
Virotherapy is a treatment using biotechnology to convert viruses into therapeutic agents by reprogramming viruses to treat diseases. There are three main branches of virotherapy: anti-cancer oncolytic viruses, viral vectors for gene therapy and viral immunotherapy. These branches use three different types of treatment methods: gene ...
Viral vectors are genetically engineered viruses carrying modified viral DNA or RNA that has been rendered noninfectious, but still contain viral promoters and the transgene, thus allowing for translation of the transgene through a viral promoter. However, because viral vectors frequently lack infectious sequences, they require helper viruses ...
Virus classification. Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms . Viruses are classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause.
Helper dependent virus. A helper dependent virus, also termed a gutless virus, is a synthetic viral vector dependent on the assistance of a helper virus in order to replicate, [ 1] and can be used for purposes such as gene therapy. Naturally-occurring satellite viruses are also helper virus dependent, and can sometimes be modified to become ...
Viral transformation is the change in growth, phenotype, or indefinite reproduction of cells caused by the introduction of inheritable material. Through this process, a virus causes harmful transformations of an in vivo cell or cell culture. The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector. Figure 1: Hepatitis-B virions.
Disease vector. A mosquito shortly after obtaining blood from a human (note the droplet of blood plasma being expelled as the mosquito squeezes out excess water). Mosquitos are a vector for several diseases, including malaria. In epidemiology, a disease vector is any living [1] agent that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen such as a ...
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