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Schlieren flow visualization of a Lockheed SR-71 Pratt & Whitney J58 engine inlet at Mach 2. Schlieren flow visualization is based on the deflection of light by a refractive index gradient [4] The index gradient is directly related to flow density gradient. The deflected light is compared to undeflected light at a viewing screen.
The term "schlieren imaging" is commonly used as a synonym for schlieren photography, though this article particularly treats visualization of the pressure field produced by ultrasonic transducers, generally in water or tissue-mimicking media. The method provides a two-dimensional (2D) projection image of the acoustic beam in real-time ("live ...
Schlieren photography is a process for photographing fluid flow. Invented by the German physicist August Toepler in 1864 to study supersonic motion, ...
Schlieren photography (from the German word for "streaks") allows the visualization of density changes, and therefore shock waves, in fluid flow. Schlieren techniques have been used for decades in laboratory wind tunnels to visualize supersonic flow about model aircraft, but not full scale aircraft until recently.
Synthetic schlieren is a process that is used to visualize the flow of a fluid of variable refractive index. Named after the schlieren method of visualization, it consists of a digital camera or video camera pointing at the flow in question, with an illuminated target pattern behind.
Schlieren flow visualization showing unstart of axisymmetric intake at Mach 2. Unstarted shock structure evident on left, started intake on right. In supersonic aerodynamics, an unstart refers to a generally violent breakdown of the supersonic airflow.
It is related to, but simpler than, the schlieren and schlieren photography methods that perform a similar function. Shadowgraph is a type of flow visualisation. In principle, a difference in temperature, a different gas, or a shock wave in the transparent air cannot be seen by the human eye or cameras.
Here, Mach 4 flow over a pitot probe is observed by schlieren optics in the Penn State Supersonic Wind Tunnel. The flow direction is left-to-right. The flow direction is left-to-right. A supersonic wind tunnel is a wind tunnel that produces supersonic speeds (1.2< M <5) The Mach number and flow are determined by the nozzle geometry.