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  2. Thermal equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_equilibrium

    Development of a thermal equilibrium in a closed system over time through a heat flow that levels out temperature differences. Two physical systems are in thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys the zeroth law of thermodynamics. A ...

  3. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

    [1] [2] [3] A more fundamental statement was later labelled as the zeroth law after the first three laws had been established. The zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the definition of temperature: if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium ...

  4. Zeroth law of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics

    The zeroth law states that if two thermodynamic systems are both in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then the two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. [1] [2] [3] Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium if they are linked by a wall permeable only to heat, and they do not change over time. [4]

  5. Thermodynamic equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equilibrium

    His system is, however, closed with respect to transfer of matter. He writes: "In general, the approach to thermodynamic equilibrium will involve both thermal and work-like interactions with the surroundings." He distinguishes such thermodynamic equilibrium from thermal equilibrium, in which only thermal contact is mediating transfer of energy ...

  6. Chemical thermodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_thermodynamics

    In solution chemistry and biochemistry, the Gibbs free energy decrease (∂G/∂ξ, in molar units, denoted cryptically by ΔG) is commonly used as a surrogate for (−T times) the global entropy produced by spontaneous chemical reactions in situations where no work is being done; or at least no "useful" work; i.e., other than perhaps ± P dV.

  7. Le Chatelier's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Chatelier's_principle

    In chemistry, Le Chatelier's principle (pronounced UK: / l ə ʃ æ ˈ t ɛ l j eɪ / or US: / ˈ ʃ ɑː t əl j eɪ /) [1] is a principle used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on chemical equilibrium. [2] Other names include Chatelier's principle, Braun–Le Chatelier principle, Le Chatelier–Braun principle or the equilibrium ...

  8. Thermodynamic equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_equations

    The behavior of a thermodynamic system is summarized in the laws of Thermodynamics, which concisely are: . Zeroth law of thermodynamics; If A, B, C are thermodynamic systems such that A is in thermal equilibrium with B and B is in thermal equilibrium with C, then A is in thermal equilibrium with C.

  9. Thermalisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermalisation

    Thermalisation, thermal equilibrium, and temperature are therefore important fundamental concepts within statistical physics, statistical mechanics, and thermodynamics; all of which are a basis for many other specific fields of scientific understanding and engineering application. Examples of thermalisation include: