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Jacksonian-era reformers and prison officials began seeking the origins of crime in the personal histories of criminals and traced the roots of crime to society itself. [106] In the words of historian David Rothman, "They were certain that children lacking discipline quickly fell victim to the influence of vice at loose in the community."
The Rise of the Penitentiary: Prisons and Punishment in Early America is a history of the origins of the penitentiary in the United States, depicting its beginnings and expansion. It was written by Adam J. Hirsch and published by Yale University Press on June 24, 1992.
A reformatory or reformatory school is a youth detention center or an adult correctional facility popular during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Western countries. [1] In the United Kingdom and United States, they came out of social concerns about cities, poverty, immigration, and gender following industrialization , as well as from a ...
An 1855 engraving of New York's Sing Sing Penitentiary, which also followed the Auburn System. The Auburn system (also known as the New York system and Congregate system) is an American penal method of the 19th century in which prisoners worked during the day in groups and were kept in solitary confinement at night, with enforced silence at all times.
The Eastern State Penitentiary (ESP) is a former American prison in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. [6] It is located in the Fairmount section of the city, and was operational from 1829 until 1971. The penitentiary refined the revolutionary system of separate incarceration , first pioneered at the Walnut Street Jail , which emphasized principles of ...
A 19th-century jail room at a Pennsylvania museum. A prison, [a] also known as a goal, [b] gaol, [c] penitentiary, detention center, [d] correction center, correctional facility, remand center, hoosegow, or slammer, is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state, usually as punishment for various crimes.
An ancient fifth-century Roman prison discovered in Greece contains harrowing graffiti on the prison floor. Located in Corinth, Greece, the Greek-language pleas that remain etched into the prison ...
The Penitentiary Act 1779 (19 Geo. 3.c. 74) [1] was a British Act of Parliament passed in 1779 which introduced a policy of state prisons for the first time. The Act was drafted by the prison reformer John Howard and the jurist William Blackstone and recommended imprisonment as an alternative sentence to death or transportation.