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The typical hydrofluoric acid (HF) alkylation unit requires far less acid than a sulfuric acid unit to achieve the same volume of alkylate. The HF process only creates a small amount of organofluorine side products which are continuously removed from the reactor and the consumed HF is replenished.
The company invented an HF alkylation process in 1940. [13] The American petrochemical industry took off, first making such as styrene, ethylene, propylene and butadiene. [2] After the war, it formed a subsidiary, Phillips Chemical Co., which entered the fertilizer business by producing anhydrous ammonia from natural gas. [14]
The process involves dehydrogenation of n-paraffins to olefins, and subsequent reaction with benzene using HF as catalyst. For example, in oil refineries "alkylate", a component of high- octane petrol ( gasoline ), is generated in alkylation units, which combine C 3 and C 4 olefins and iso -butane .
2.1 Process units. 2.2 Power station. 3 2001 Incident. ... Propylene recovery and HF alkylation unit; Power station ... Phillips 66, archived from the ...
The Ferndale Refinery is an oil refinery near Ferndale, Washington, United States, that is owned by Phillips 66.It is located in the Cherry Point Industrial Zone west of Ferndale and had a capacity of 101,000 barrels per day in 2015, [1] 64th largest in the nation.
Hydrogen fluoride (HF) and aluminium chloride (AlCl 3) are the two major catalysts for the alkylation of benzene with linear mono-olefins. The HF-based process is commercially dominant; however, the risk of releasing HF (a poisonous substance) into the environment became a concern particularly after the Clean Air Act Amendment. In 1995, a solid ...
The Simons process, named after Joseph H. Simons entails electrolysis of a solution of an organic compound in a solution of hydrogen fluoride. An individual reaction can be described as: R 3 C–H + HF → R 3 C–F + H 2. In the course of a typical synthesis, this reaction occurs once for each C–H bond in the precursor.
Because, however, the product ketone forms a rather stable complex with Lewis acids such as AlCl 3, a stoichiometric amount or more of the "catalyst" must generally be employed, unlike the case of the Friedel–Crafts alkylation, in which the catalyst is constantly regenerated. [13] Reaction conditions are similar to the Friedel–Crafts ...