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In December 2016, 20 American attorneys general filed a civil complaint accusing Aurobindo Pharma of a coordinated scheme to artificially maintain high prices for a generic antibiotic and diabetes drug. The complaint alleged price collusion schemes between six pharmaceutical firms including informal gatherings, telephone calls, and text ...
Blood or plasma ephedrine concentrations are typically in the 20–200 μg/L range in persons taking the drug therapeutically, 300–3000 μg/L in abusers or poisoned patients, and 3–20 mg/L in cases of acute fatal overdosage. The current World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) limit for ephedrine in an athlete's urine is 10 μg/mL. [61] [62] [63] [64]
In January 2002, Health Canada issued a voluntary recall of all ephedrine products containing more than 8 mg per dose, all combinations of ephedrine with other stimulants such as caffeine, and all ephedrine products marketed for weight-loss or bodybuilding indications, citing a serious risk to health. [2]
Guaifenesin is used in combination with, for example, ketamine, since guaifenesin does not provide analgesia or produce unconsciousness. [26] [27] In horses, the drug's biological half-life is 77 minutes. Premedication with xylazine (1.1 mg/kg) can reduce the dose required from 163 mg/kg (in geldings) to just 88 mg/kg. [27]
Examples are ephedrine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, and oxymetazoline. Fever or pain medication. Examples are paracetamol (acetaminophen) and NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or naproxen. Also employed are various substances supposed to soften the coughing, like honey or supplement syrup. An example combination is guaifenesin with codeine.
Conversely, ephedrine is the enantiopure (1R,2S)-enantiomer. [1] Racephedrine has been marketed for medical use in Italy . [ 1 ] Like ephedrine, racephedrine is a releasing agent of norepinephrine and to a much lesser extent of dopamine .
Guaifenesin is an oral medication used to try to help cough out phlegm from the airways. [1] It is often used in combination with other medications. [1] It is believed to work by making airway secretions more liquid. [1] Side effects may include dizziness, sleepiness, skin rash, and nausea. [2] Guaifenesin has been used medically since at least ...
Guaifenesin/codeine is a fixed-dose combination cold medicine used for the treatment of cough. [1] It contains guaifenesin, an expectorant; and codeine, as the phosphate, an opioid antitussive. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 2006. [1]