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In 1827 the Frenchmen Real and Pichon patented and constructed a compound impulse turbine. [11] The first steam turbine-powered ship Turbinia: fastest in the world at that time. The modern steam turbine was invented in 1884 by Charles Parsons, whose first model was connected to a dynamo that generated 7.5 kilowatts (10.1 hp) of electricity. [12]
Fig-1: Schematic Diagram of Curtis Stage Impulse Turbine. The velocity compounded Impulse turbine was first proposed by C.G. Curtis to solve the problem of single stage Impulse turbine for use of high pressure and temperature steam. The rings of moving blades are separated by rings of fixed blades.
The factual accuracy of this diagram or the file name is disputed. Reason: Überdruckturbine: die oberste Grafik zeigt eine Turbine mit Reaktionsgrad 1, der Druckverlauf unten zeigt eine Turbine mit Reaktionsgrad 0.5.
The degree of reaction contributes to the stage efficiency and thus used as a design parameter. Stages having 50% degree of reaction are used where the pressure drop is equally shared by the stator and the rotor for a turbine. Figure 4. Velocity triangle for Degree of Reaction = 1/2 in a turbine
The exit steam from one turbine is made to enter the nozzle of the succeeding turbine. Each of the simple impulse turbines would then be termed a "stage" of the turbine. Each stage comprises its ring of nozzle and blades. The steam from the boiler passes through the first nozzle ring, where its pressure drops and velocity increases. [2]
A steam turbine with the case opened Humming of a small pneumatic turbine used in a German 1940s-vintage safety lamp. A turbine (/ ˈ t ɜːr b aɪ n / or / ˈ t ɜːr b ɪ n /) (from the Greek τύρβη, tyrbē, or Latin turbo, meaning vortex) [1] [2] is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work.
Practical hydroelectric water turbines and steam turbines did not appear until the 1880s. Gas turbines appeared in the 1930s. The first impulse type turbine was created by Carl Gustaf de Laval in 1883. This was closely followed by the first practical reaction type turbine in 1884, built by Charles Parsons.
Efficiencies of the turbine stages can also be plotted against this ratio. Such plots for some impulse and reaction stages are shown in the figure. The performance of steam turbines is often presented in this form. The curves in Figure also show the optimum values of the velocity ratio and the range of off-design for various types of stages.