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A ball bearing. A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion and reduces friction between moving parts.The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts.
The bearing was used mainly in bearing arrangements with very long shafts, such as transmission shafts in textile factories. [6] One drawback of the self-aligning ball bearings is a limited load rating, as the outer raceway has very low osculation (its radius is much larger than the ball radius).
Most roller bearings only take radial or axial loads, but tapered roller bearings support both radial and axial loads, and generally can carry higher loads than ball bearings due to greater contact area. Tapered roller bearings are used, for example, as the wheel bearings of most wheeled land vehicles.
Thrust bearings are also used with radio antenna masts to reduce the load on an antenna rotator. One kind of thrust bearing in an automobile is the clutch "throw out" bearing, sometimes called the clutch release bearing. [4] [clarification needed] [5] [6]
Integral plain bearings are built into the object of use as a hole prepared in the bearing surface. Industrial integral bearings are usually made from cast iron or babbitt, and a hardened steel shaft is used in the bearing. [7] Integral bearings are not as common because bushings are easier to accommodate and can be replaced if necessary. [3]
Ruby jewel bearings used for a balance wheel in a mechanical watch movement Cross-section of a jewel bearing in a mechanical watch. This type of donut-shaped bearing (red) is called a hole jewel, used for most of the ordinary wheels in the gear train. It is usually made of synthetic sapphire or ruby, press-fit into a hole in the movement's ...
Tapered roller bearings were a breakthrough at the end of the 19th century because bearings used in wheel axles had not changed much since ancient times. They consisted of a cylindrical seat on the frame and part of the axle enclosed in a case or box that held a lubricant.
Fluid bearing "pads" often have to be used in pairs or triples to avoid the bearing tilting and losing the fluid from one side. Unlike greaseless mechanical bearings, fluid bearings cannot operate at the extremely low temperatures needed for some specialized scientific research applications.
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