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  2. Right-hand rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-hand_rule

    The length of the vector gives the speed of rotation and the direction of the axis gives the direction of rotation according to the right-hand rule: right fingers curled in the direction of rotation and the right thumb pointing in the positive direction of the axis. This allows some simple calculations using the vector cross-product.

  3. Lenz's law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenz's_law

    This means that the direction of the back EMF of an induced field opposes the changing current that is its cause. D.J. Griffiths summarized it as follows: Nature abhors a change in flux. [7] If a change in the magnetic field of current i 1 induces another electric current, i 2, the direction of i 2 is opposite that of the change in i 1.

  4. Alternating current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current

    For example, a 2-pole machine running at 3600 rpm and a 12-pole machine running at 600 rpm produce the same frequency; the lower speed is preferable for larger machines. If the load on a three-phase system is balanced equally among the phases, no current flows through the neutral point. Even in the worst-case unbalanced (linear) load, the ...

  5. Eddy current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_current

    At e 2 this force gives the electron a component of velocity in the sideways direction (v 2, black arrow) The magnetic field acting on this sideways velocity, then exerts a Lorentz force on the particle of F 2 = −e(v 2 × B). From the right hand rule, this is directed in the −x direction, opposite to the velocity v of the metal sheet. This ...

  6. Electric current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current

    A flow of positive charges gives the same electric current, and has the same effect in a circuit, as an equal flow of negative charges in the opposite direction. Since current can be the flow of either positive or negative charges, or both, a convention is needed for the direction of current that is independent of the type of charge carriers ...

  7. Flow (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_(mathematics)

    Thus, x(t) is written for ⁠ (), ⁠ and one might say that the variable x depends on the time t and the initial condition x = x 0. Examples are given below. In the case of a flow of a vector field V on a smooth manifold X, the flow is often denoted in such a way that its generator is made explicit. For example,

  8. Two-dimensional flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_flow

    In fluid mechanics, a two-dimensional flow is a form of fluid flow where the flow velocity at every point is parallel to a fixed plane. The velocity at any point on a given normal to that fixed plane should be constant.

  9. Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamlines,_streaklines...

    Streamlines are a family of curves whose tangent vectors constitute the velocity vector field of the flow. These show the direction in which a massless fluid element will travel at any point in time. [3] Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past.