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Fail2Ban is an intrusion prevention software framework. Written in the Python programming language, it is designed to prevent brute-force attacks . [ 2 ] It is able to run on POSIX systems that have an interface to a packet-control system or firewall installed locally, such as iptables or TCP Wrapper .
Unix-like operating systems commonly implement IP address blocking using a TCP wrapper, configured by host access control files /etc/hosts.deny and /etc/hosts.allow.. Both companies and schools offering remote user access use Linux programs such as DenyHosts or Fail2ban for protection from unauthorized access while allowing permitted remote access.
These may change owner and need to be unblocked in the future, and so should remain tagged. IP addresses are usually added to this category with {{blocked proxy|indef=yes}} or a similar template. This category is not complete. For other lists of indefinitely blocked IP addresses which include open proxies, see BlockList or Database reports
This makes it easy to use for anti-worm scripts, such as DenyHosts or Fail2ban, to add and expire client-blocking rules, when excessive connections and/or many failed login attempts are encountered. While originally written to protect TCP and UDP accepting services, examples of usage to filter on certain ICMP packets exist too, such as 'pingd ...
Ban evasion can be detected by tracing a user's IP address. If two accounts are using the same IP address, it could be a sign of ban evasion. Also, the use of a VPN, shown by rapid, drastic changes of IP address by the same user in a short period of time, can also be a sign that the user was trying to get around a ban. Ban evasion can also be ...
Note: 192.0.2.0/24 is not actually a sensitive address. It is included in this list for testing and training purposes and may safely be blocked with no requirement to notify the WMF. Other private network addresses (127.0.0.1, 10.0.0.0/8, 192.168.0.0/16, 172.16.0.0/12) are sometimes used by Wikimedia infrastructure, sometimes intentionally ...
Instead of returning the valid IP address of a requested site (for example, instead of 198.35.26.96 being returned by the DNS when "www.wikipedia.org" is entered into a browser, [2] if this IP were on a block list, the DNS might reply that the domain is unknown or with a different IP address that directs to a site with a page stating that the ...
IP addresses in the bogon space may cease to be bogons because IANA frequently assigns new address. Announcements of new assignments are often published on network operators' mailing lists (such as NANOG) to ensure that bogon filtering can be removed for addresses that have become legitimate.