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  2. Occupation of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Ruhr

    The occupation of the Ruhr (German: Ruhrbesetzung) was the period from 11 January 1923 to 25 August 1925 when French and Belgian troops occupied the Ruhr region of Weimar Republic Germany. The occupation of the heavily industrialized Ruhr district came in response to Germany's repeated defaults on the reparations payments required under the ...

  3. Ruhr Question - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_Question

    There was also a close relationship between the Ruhr Question and the Allied occupation of the Rhineland (1919-1930), the Occupation of the Ruhr (1923-1924, 1925), the founding of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (1946), the International Authority for the Ruhr (1949-1952), the Schuman Declaration (1950), and the founding of the European ...

  4. History of the Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Ruhr

    1923 – On 10–11 January, the occupation was extended from Duisburg to the rest of the Ruhr (Occupation of the Ruhr). In Duisburg in October, separatists call for independence for the " Rheinische Republik ", but by November their efforts are brought to an end by the occupying troops.

  5. Rhenish Republic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhenish_Republic

    Josef Friedrich Matthes in Koblenz, 22 November 1923.. The Rhenish Republic (German: Rheinische Republik) was proclaimed at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) in October 1923 during the occupation of the Ruhr by troops from France and Belgium (January 1923 – 1925) and subjected itself to French protectorate. [1]

  6. 1923 in Germany - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_in_Germany

    11 January – French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of Germany’s refusal to pay war reparations, causing strikes and a severe economic crisis. [1] 20 April – Julius Streicher's antisemitic newspaper Der Stürmer begins publication. [2] 13 August – The First Stresemann cabinet was sworn in.

  7. Black Reichswehr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Reichswehr

    A group of a few hundred Black Reichswehr men led by Bruno Buchrucker attempted a coup on 1 October 1923. It centred around the fortress at Küstrin, on the Elbe river in Brandenburg, and at Spandau in Berlin, and was a reaction to the government's decision to end passive resistance against the French and Belgian occupation of the Ruhr ...

  8. Ruhr Red Army - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr_Red_Army

    Memorial to the Ruhr uprising in Hagen. On 5 April a large part of the Red Ruhr Army fled to the French occupied zone of the Rhineland. [10] The skirmish that took place in Gelsenkirchen the next day marked the final end of the uprising and of the Red Ruhr Army. [11] The number of insurgents killed has never been accurately determined.

  9. Ruhr - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhr

    The 1911 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica has only one definition of "Ruhr": "a river of Germany, an important right-bank tributary of the lower Rhine". The use of the term "Ruhr" for the industrial region started in Britain only after World War I, when French and Belgian troops had occupied the Ruhr district and seized its prime industrial assets in lieu of unpaid reparations in 1923.