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Some concerns have been raised about the Xpert MTB/RIF, including operational issues and cost. The concessional price for a GeneXpert system is currently 32,000 USD for a four module instrument. As of 6 August 2012, the cost of a test cartridge in countries eligible for concessional pricing is $9.98 USD.
A sputum culture is a test to detect and identify bacteria [1] or fungi that infect the lungs or breathing passages. Sputum is a thick fluid produced in the lungs and in the adjacent airways. Normally, fresh morning sample is preferred for the bacteriological examination of sputum. [ 2 ]
The prices in the private sector are often many times (and can be up to 80 times) the international reference price. This makes treatment unaffordable. [6]: 4 The prices in the guide are given in US dollars converted using the exchange rate at the time. Exchange rate fluctuations may cause the wide variations in cost over time. [7]
The primary equipment used in BAL includes a fiber-optic bronchoscope, sterile collection traps for collecting test specimens, a sterile saline source, a suction device, and suction tubing. [3] Essentially, the saline source is connected to sterile bronchoscope, as is the specimen collection trap, and then suction tubing is connected to the ...
Test tube: Folin-Wu tube: Glass slide mycole and cover slips: in microscopy, serology, etc. as the solid backing on which test samples are Petri dish: used for preparation of culture media and the culture of organisms they are in Glass beaker: reagent storage Glass flask: gastric acid, or other fluid titration: Pasteur pipette
Blood-streaked sputum –an indicator of possible inflammation of the throat (larynx and/or trachea) or bronchi; lung cancer; other bleeding erosions, ulcers, or tumors of the lower airway. Pink sputum – it indicates sputum evenly mixed with blood from alveoli and/or small peripheral bronchi as is seen in potential pulmonary edema.
fever, chest pain, coughing, purulent sputum, mucocutaneous bleeding, jaundice. Imaging examination chest X-ray, CT scan and 3D reconstruction images or CT virtual bronchoscopy, bronchial angiography. Laboratory tests blood test: WBC; Sputum: cells and bacterial examinations, sputum culture; Bronchial fiber endoscopy [3]
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