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  2. Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_and_Vitamin_E...

    A subsequent 2010 study further described SELECT's results and found that neither selenium nor vitamin E, on their own or in combination, prevented prostate cancer. [12] A 2011 study based on the trial found that the risk of prostate cancer was elevated by 17% in the group that took vitamin E supplements, which was statistically significant. [8 ...

  3. Vitamin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin

    In humans there are 13 vitamins: 4 fat-soluble (A, D, E, and K) and 9 water-soluble (8 B vitamins and vitamin C). Water-soluble vitamins dissolve easily in water and, in general, are readily excreted from the body, to the degree that urinary output is a strong predictor of vitamin consumption. [ 47 ]

  4. Vitamin A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_A

    Vitamin A status involves eye health via two separate functions. Retinal is an essential factor in rod cells and cone cells in the retina responding to light exposure by sending nerve signals to the brain. An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. [6] Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid is essential to normal epithelial cell ...

  5. Life extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_extension

    The free-radical theory of aging suggests that antioxidant supplements might extend human life. Reviews, however, have found that use of vitamin A (as β-carotene) and vitamin E supplements possibly can increase mortality. [118] [119] Other reviews have found no relationship between vitamin E and other vitamins with mortality. [120]

  6. Vitamin K - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K

    Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]

  7. Human nutrition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_nutrition

    (Many animal species can synthesize vitamin C, but humans cannot.) Certain vitamin-like compounds that are recommended in the diet, such as carnitine , are thought useful for survival and health, but these are not "essential" dietary nutrients because the human body has some capacity to produce them from other compounds.

  8. Vitamin B12 total synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_total_synthesis

    The structure of vitamin B 12 was the first low-molecular weight natural product determined by x-ray analysis rather than by chemical degradation. Thus, while the structure of this novel type of complex biomolecule was established, its chemistry remained essentially unknown; exploration of this chemistry became one of the tasks of the vitamin's chemical synthesis.

  9. Biotin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin

    Biotin (also known as vitamin B 7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. [ 4 ]