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  2. Elevated alkaline phosphatase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_alkaline_phosphatase

    Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurs when levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exceed the reference range. This group of enzymes has a low substrate specificity and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in a basic environment. The major function of alkaline phosphatase is transporting chemicals across cell membranes. [1]

  3. Alkalosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalosis

    Alkalosis is the result of a process reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia).In contrast to acidemia (serum pH 7.35 or lower), alkalemia occurs when the serum pH is higher than normal (7.45 or higher).

  4. Metabolic alkalosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_alkalosis

    Metabolic alkalosis is an acid-base disorder in which the pH of tissue is elevated beyond the normal range (7.35–7.45). This is the result of decreased hydrogen ion concentration, leading to increased bicarbonate (HCO − 3), or alternatively a direct result of increased bicarbonate concentrations.

  5. Reference ranges for blood tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood...

    Potassium (K) 3.5, [5] [14] 3.6 [15] 5.0, [5] [14] [15] 5.1: mmol/L or mEq/L [14] See hypokalemia or hyperkalemia: 14 [17] 20 [17] mg/dL Chloride (Cl) 95, [14] 98, [18] 100 [5] 105, [14] 106, [18] 110 [5] mmol/L or mEq/L [14] See hypochloremia or hyperchloremia: 340 [19] 370 [19] mg/dL Ionized calcium (Ca) 1.03, [20] 1.10 [5] 1.23, [20] 1.30 [5 ...

  6. Alkaline phosphatase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

    The enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP, alkaline phenyl phosphatase, also abbreviated PhoA) is a phosphatase with the physiological role of dephosphorylating compounds. The enzyme is found across a multitude of organisms, prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike, with the same general function, but in different structural forms suitable to the environment they function in. Alkaline phosphatase is found ...

  7. ALPL - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALPL

    Alkaline phosphatase allows for mineralization of calcium and phosphorus by bones and teeth. [21] ALPL gene mutation leads to insufficient TNAP enzyme and allows for an accumulation of chemicals such as inorganic pyrophosphate [ 21 ] to indirectly cause elevated calcium levels in the body and lack of bone calcification.

  8. Urine electrolyte levels - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine_electrolyte_levels

    Potassium (K) – per day: 40 [5] 90 [5] mmol / 24 h: Urine K may be measured in a diagnostic examination for hypokalemia (low blood potassium). If potassium is being lost through the kidneys, urine potassium will likely be high. If urine potassium is low, this suggests a non-renal cause. [7] Urinary calcium (Ca) – per day: 2.5: 6.25: mmol / 24 h

  9. Calcium-activated potassium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium-activated...

    In any muscle cell, increased intracellular calcium causes contraction. In smooth muscle cells the elevated levels of intracellular calcium cause the opening of BK channels which in turn allow potassium ions to flow out of the cell. This causes further hyperpolarization and closing of voltage gated calcium channels, relaxation can then occur.