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The side effects of bicalutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), including its frequent and rare side effects, have been well-studied and characterized. The most common side effects of bicalutamide monotherapy in men include breast tenderness , breast growth , feminization , demasculinization , and hot flashes .
The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Rapid onset of symptoms is typical; the breast often looks swollen and red, or "inflamed", sometimes seemingly changing overnight. IBC is frequently misdiagnosed as mastitis. Invasion of the local lymphatic ducts, the hallmark sign of IBC, impairs lymphatic drainage and causes edematous swelling of the breast.
Noncyclical breast pain has various causes and is harder to diagnose and frequently the root cause is outside the breast. Some degree of non-cyclical breast tenderness can normally be present due to hormonal changes in puberty (both in girls and boys), in menopause and during pregnancy. [5] After pregnancy, breast pain can be caused by ...
Diagnosing dysosmia precisely can be difficult due to the variety of causes and symptoms. Often, patients may be unsure whether or not they are having issues with smell or taste specifically. It is important to identify whether the distortion applies to an inhaled odorant or if an odor exists without the stimulus.
Phantom smells or loss of taste caused by long Covid may be treated with a numbing procedure usually used to treat pain and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Paget's disease of the breast is a symptom of underlying breast cancer. Treatment is variable and is determined by the type of breast cancer in addition to its staging and prognostic considerations. Management often involves a lumpectomy or mastectomy to surgically remove the tumour. [12] Chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may also be necessary. [13]