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Describing the rock formation, a formal process of documenting thickness, lithology, outcrop, distribution, contact relationships to other formations; Mapping the distribution of the rock unit, or units; Descriptions of rock core (drilled and extracted from wells during hydrocarbon exploration) Sequence stratigraphy
Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered surface material, which, at the loss of enough kinetic energy in the fluid, is deposited, building up layers of sediment.
This turbidite from the Devonian Becke-Oese Sandstone of Germany is an example of a deposit from a sediment gravity flow. Note the complete Bouma sequence.. A sediment gravity flow is one of several types of sediment transport mechanisms, of which most geologists recognize four principal processes.
It is mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO 4 · 2 H 2 O). Although gypsum is a widely used material in the construction industry , phosphogypsum is usually not used, but is stored indefinitely because of its weak radioactivity caused by the presence of naturally occurring uranium (U) and thorium (Th), and their daughter isotopes radium (Ra), radon ...
Halite is deposited on the surface of the sabkha and gypsum and aragonite precipitate in the subsurface [14] via capillary action from brines brought up from the water table. [10] In drier parts of the sabkha the gypsum can be altered to anhydrite and the aragonite can be dolomitized diagenetically. [13]
[1] [2] Examples are dolomite, which is an aggregate of crystals of the mineral dolomite, [3] and rock gypsum, an aggregate of crystals of the mineral gypsum. [4] Lapis lazuli is a type of rock composed of an aggregate of crystals of many minerals including lazurite , pyrite , phlogopite , calcite , potassium feldspar , wollastonite and some ...
Minerals bond grains of sediment together by growing around them. This process is called cementation and is a part of the rock cycle. Cementation involves ions carried in groundwater chemically precipitating to form new crystalline material between sedimentary grains. The new pore-filling minerals form "bridges" between original sediment grains ...
Type 3 sedimentation is also known as zone sedimentation. In this process the particles are at a high concentration (greater than 1000 mg/L) such that the particles tend to settle as a mass and a distinct clear zone and sludge zone are present. Zone settling occurs in lime-softening, sedimentation, active sludge sedimentation and sludge thickeners.