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Constipation is more concerning when there is weight loss or anemia, blood is present in the stool, there is a history of inflammatory bowel disease or colon cancer in a person's family, or it is of new onset in someone who is older. [12] Treatment of constipation depends on the underlying cause and the duration that it has been present. [4]
CT-Scan showing a coronal section of the abdomen of an elderly lady with an IPO. The symptoms of IPO are nonspecific. It is not unusual for patients to present repeatedly and to undergo numerous tests. [4] Mechanical causes of intestinal obstruction must be excluded to reach a diagnosis of pseudo-obstruction.
[citation needed] Sigmoid volvulus is particularly common in elderly persons and constipated patients. Patients experience abdominal pain, distension, and absolute constipation. Cecal volvulus is slightly less common than sigmoid volvulus and is associated with symptoms of abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction.
Common symptoms include abdominal pain, distension, and severe constipation. [12] Constipation occurs earlier and vomiting may be less prominent. Proximal obstruction of the large bowel may present as small bowel obstruction. [13] Patients may notice a history of bloating and narrowing of stools before the onset of more severe symptoms.
Ogilvie syndrome, or acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, is the acute dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. [1]Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is characterized by massive dilatation of the cecum (diameter > 10 cm) and right colon on abdominal X-ray.
Wherever possible, this article generally follows the definitions and terminology of the 2018 consensus statement, [note 2] wherein ODS is defined as "a subset of functional constipation in which patients report symptoms of incomplete rectal emptying with or without an actual reduction in the number of bowel movements per week."
Functional constipation, also known as chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC), is defined by less than three bowel movements per week, hard stools, severe straining, the sensation of anorectal blockage, the feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need for manual maneuvers during feces, without organic abnormalities.
Fibrosing colonopathy is a disease that arises in people with cystic fibrosis treated with high doses of pancreatic enzyme supplements. [1] [2] Symptoms are non-specific with abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, vomiting, and constipation.
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