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  2. Saline (medicine) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_(medicine)

    Saline solution for irrigation. Normal saline (NSS, NS or N/S) is the commonly used phrase for a solution of 0.90% w/v of NaCl, 308 mOsm/L or 9.0 g per liter. Less commonly, this solution is referred to as physiological saline or isotonic saline (because it is approximately isotonic to blood serum, which makes it a physiologically normal solution).

  3. Osmotherapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmotherapy

    Hypertonic Saline which contains sodium chloride works in regulating ICP, intravascular volume and cardiac output without causing significant diuresis, but there are theoretical side effects ranging from neurological complications to subdural hematoma. Hypertonic saline solution has been choice of neuro critical care for the past few years. [1]

  4. Tonicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonicity

    A hypertonic solution has a greater concentration of non-permeating solutes than another solution. [2] In biology, the tonicity of a solution usually refers to its solute concentration relative to that of another solution on the opposite side of a cell membrane ; a solution outside of a cell is called hypertonic if it has a greater ...

  5. Saline Solution Uses and Instructions

    www.aol.com/saline-solution-uses-instructions...

    Saline solution normally contains 0.9% sodium chloride. This article walks you through application instructions based on the intended use.

  6. Cerebral edema - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebral_edema

    Hypertonic saline and mannitol are the main osmotic agents in use, while loop diuretics can aid in the removal of the excess fluid pulled out of the brain. [1] [3] [7] [43] Hypertonic saline is a highly concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water and is administered intravenously. [3]

  7. Volume expander - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_expander

    The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is close to the concentration in the blood . [3] Ringer's lactate or Ringer's acetate is another isotonic solution often used for large-volume fluid replacement. The choice of fluids may also depend on the chemical properties of ...

  8. Osmoregulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoregulation

    Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution which in this case is represented by body fluid) to keep the body fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.

  9. Hypervolemia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervolemia

    Administration of hypertonic fluids, e.g. mannitol [2] or hypertonic saline solution; Administration of plasma proteins, such as albumin [2] Treatment.

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