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2. Vacuum deposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_deposition

   Aluminising vacuum chamber at Mont Mégantic Observatory used for re-coating telescope mirrors. [1] Vacuum deposition is a group of processes used to deposit layers of material atom-by-atom or molecule-by-molecule on a solid surface. These processes operate at pressures well below atmospheric pressure (i.e., vacuum). The deposited layers can ...

3. Evaporation (deposition) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation_(deposition)

   Evaporation is a common method of thin-film deposition. The source material is evaporated in a vacuum. The vacuum allows vapor particles to travel directly to the target object (substrate), where they condense back to a solid state. Evaporation is used in microfabrication, and to make macro-scale products such as metallized plastic film.

4. Vapor–liquid–solid method - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor–liquid–solid_method

   The VLS process takes place as follows: A thin (~1–10 nm) Au film is deposited onto a silicon (Si) wafer substrate by sputter deposition or thermal evaporation. The wafer is annealed at temperatures higher than the Au-Si eutectic point, creating Au-Si alloy droplets on the wafer surface (the thicker the Au film, the larger the droplets).

5. Physical vapor deposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_vapor_deposition

   Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from a condensed phase to a ...

6. Epitaxy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitaxy

   In this method, a source material is heated to produce an evaporated beam of particles, which travel through a very high vacuum (10 −8 Pa; practically free space) to the substrate and start epitaxial growth. [14] [15] Chemical beam epitaxy, on the other hand, is an ultra-high vacuum process that uses gas phase precursors to generate the ...

7. Electrostatic spray-assisted vapour deposition - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_spray...

   Electrostatic spray-assisted vapour deposition (ESAVD) is a technique (developed by a company called IMPT) to deposit both thin and thick layers of a coating onto various substrates. In simple terms chemical precursors are sprayed across an electrostatic field towards a heated substrate, the chemicals undergo a controlled chemical reaction and ...

8. Deposition (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(chemistry)

   In chemistry, deposition occurs when molecules settle out of a solution. Deposition can be defined as the process of direct transition of a substance from its gaseous form, on cooling, into a solid state without passing through the intermediate liquid state. [1] Deposition can be viewed as a reverse process to dissolution or particle re ...

9. Vacuum engineering - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_engineering

   Vacuum engineering is the field of engineering that deals with the practical use of vacuum in industrial and scientific applications. Vacuum may improve the productivity and performance of processes otherwise carried out at normal air pressure, or may make possible processes that could not be done in the presence of air.