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  2. Haskell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell

    [63]: p.2 At the same time, the Haskell code defined an executable specification with which to reason, for automatic translation by the theorem-proving tool. [63]: p.3 The Haskell code thus served as an intermediate prototype before final C refinement. [63]: p.3 Target stores' supply chain optimization software is written in Haskell. [64]

  3. Functor (functional programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functor_(functional...

    Applying fmap (+1) to a binary tree of integers increments each integer in the tree by one.. In functional programming, a functor is a design pattern inspired by the definition from category theory that allows one to apply a function to values inside a generic type without changing the structure of the generic type.

  4. Comparison of programming languages by type system

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    This is a comparison of the features of the type systems and type checking of multiple programming languages.. Brief definitions A nominal type system means that the language decides whether types are compatible and/or equivalent based on explicit declarations and names.

  5. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    In functional programming, fold (also termed reduce, accumulate, aggregate, compress, or inject) refers to a family of higher-order functions that analyze a recursive data structure and through use of a given combining operation, recombine the results of recursively processing its constituent parts, building up a return value.

  6. Language interoperability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_interoperability

    Mutability becomes an issue when trying to create interoperability between pure functional and procedural languages. Languages like Haskell have no mutable types, whereas C++ does not provide such rigorous guarantees. Many functional types when bridged to object oriented languages can not guarantee that the underlying objects won't be modified.

  7. Foreign function interface - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_function_interface

    D does it the same way as C++ does, with extern "C" through extern (C++) Dart includes dart:ffi [ 10 ] library to call native C code for mobile, command-line , and server applications Dynamic programming languages , such as Python , Perl , Tcl , and Ruby , all provide easy access to native code written in C, C++, or any other language obeying C ...

  8. Map (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map_(higher-order_function)

    In languages which support first-class functions and currying, map may be partially applied to lift a function that works on only one value to an element-wise equivalent that works on an entire container; for example, map square is a Haskell function which squares each element of a list.

  9. Haskell features - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haskell_features

    Concurrent Haskell is an extension to Haskell that supports threads and synchronization. [7] GHC's implementation of Concurrent Haskell is based on multiplexing lightweight Haskell threads onto a few heavyweight operating system (OS) threads, [8] so that Concurrent Haskell programs run in parallel via symmetric multiprocessing. The runtime can ...